AI Tools Recommend Brands But Cite Other Sites — Sep 2026Has Google demoted listicles? — Sep 2026AI Traffic Report Q2 2026 — Aug 2026Research: Google AI cites Facebook in 19.5 million AI answers — Aug 2026AI Tools Recommend Brands But Cite Other Sites: Ecommerce Citation Analysis — Aug 2026Google Updates Site Reputation Abuse Policy — Aug 2026Reddit Citations Are Dropping in ChatGPT — Aug 2026AI Model Agreement on Brand Rankings Across Category Queries — Aug 2026
Every verdict traces back to
Google 28arXiv 21Growth Memo 8Ahrefs 7SE Ranking 6Google Search Central 5OpenAI 5AirOps 5Seer Interactive 5
By platform

What moves the needle, per platform.

ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google AI Overviews use different signals. Optimising for one does not help the others.

ChatGPTFavours authoritative domains, Wikipedia, Reddit. E-E-A-T signals move the needle most. Statistics and first-party citations help.22 tactics →
PerplexityPrioritises recent content — freshness within 30 days is the dominant signal. Direct, extractable answers rank highest.22 tactics →
Google AI OverviewsHeavily correlated with existing organic rankings. Structured data and featured-snippet optimisation overlap significantly.28 tactics →
GeminiKnowledge Graph entity presence over domain authority. Schema markup and brand entity strength are key differentiators.19 tactics →
Why one verdict isn't enough

The same tactic doesn't apply the same way everywhere.

Each platform weighs different signals, so a tactic's evidence can be strong for one and untested for another. This shows which of the top-evidenced tactics actually apply per platform — not a fabricated score, just what the research covers.

Whether each tactic applies to ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, and Gemini
TacticChatGPTPerplexityGoogle AI OverviewsGemini
Display author bio and credentials
Demonstrate E-E-A-T signals
Optimise for Google AI Overviews
Use domain-specific technical language
Lead with a direct answer
Include publish dates and specific statistics
Research blog

When the evidence surprises us.

Deep dives into findings that contradict the conventional wisdom.

research

Domain Rating is the weakest predictor of AI citations in a 75,000-brand study. Entity signals are 3x stronger.

An Ahrefs analysis of 75,000 brands found Domain Rating correlates with AI citation rates at just 0.266-0.326, the weakest signal measured. Branded web mentions hit 0.664-0.709. YouTube channel mentions hit 0.737. Here is what entity SEO for AI search actually means, and why most SEO teams are optimising the wrong metric.

strategy

Syndicated press releases earn 0.04-0.9% of AI citations. Original editorial coverage earns 57x more per piece.

A Digital Applied study found brands are 6.5x more likely to be cited in AI responses through third-party sources than through owned content, and 82% of AI citations come from earned media. Here is what digital PR for AI search actually requires, and why press release volume does not substitute for genuine editorial coverage.

research

95% of the queries ChatGPT uses to find your content have zero search volume in any keyword tool.

ChatGPT expands a single prompt into 25+ sub-queries before retrieving content. An AirOps analysis of 548,534 pages found 32.9% of AI-cited pages were discoverable only through these fan-out sub-queries, invisible to traditional keyword research. Here is what fan-out query coverage means and why optimising for one primary keyword actively hurts adjacent AI citations.

research

97% of llms.txt files get zero AI crawler requests. Here is why the format does not work like robots.txt.

An Ahrefs analysis of 137,000 domains found only about 38,000 had a valid llms.txt file, and 97% of those received zero requests. An OtterlyAI 90-day experiment tracking 62,100+ AI bot visits found llms.txt pages performed 3x worse than average content pages. Here is what three independent studies actually show about llms.txt, and what to implement instead.

strategy

Generative engine optimisation (GEO): what it is, what the research shows, and how to do it

Generative engine optimisation is the practice of improving content so AI systems — ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, and Gemini — select it as a citation source. Here is the evidence base: what GEO tactics are confirmed, which are overhyped, and how to prioritise.

strategy

ChatGPT SEO: how to get cited in ChatGPT answers — what the research actually shows

ChatGPT does not use backlinks or PageRank. It selects sources based on author authority, content structure, brand entity recognition, and retrieval relevance. Here is what controlled studies show about how to get your content cited in ChatGPT answers.

All research posts →

Why trust this · 4 tiers

An Ahrefs post and a Google engineering doc are not the same evidence.

So we don't count them the same. Every source is tiered before it moves a score, and studies lose weight as they age — a tactic backed only by old research falls on its own. How the scoring works →

TierSourcesWhat qualifiesWeight
Platform official63Direct from Google, Perplexity, OpenAI, Microsoft. Highest signal.×1.00
Academic research34Peer-reviewed or pre-print studies. arXiv, Princeton, university labs.×0.75
Independent experiment86Controlled practitioner tests with documented methodology.×0.50
Vendor research42Industry reports from Ahrefs, BrightEdge, etc. Discounted for bias.×0.25

Freshness decay: AI platforms change fast, so a tactic backed only by old studies scores lower automatically, regardless of tier.

Stop being the last to know what works.

We add new research as it publishes and update tactic scores when the evidence shifts — so you know what to act on before it becomes LinkedIn noise.